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- $Unique_ID{BRK04155}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Pure Red Cell Aplasia}
- $Subject{Pure Red Cell Aplasia Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia PRCA Anemia,
- Aplastic Blackfan-Diamond Anemia Fanconi's Anemia}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1988, 1989 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 506:
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible the main title of the article (Pure Red Cell Aplasia) is
- not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing on the next
- page to find alternate names and disorder subdivisions covered by this
- article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Pure Red Blood Cell Aplasia
- PRCA
-
- Information on the following disorders may be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Anemia, Aplastic
- Blackfan-Diamond Anemia
- Fanconi's Anemia
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia is a rare blood disorder characterized by a sudden
- decrease in the number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) produced in the bone
- marrow.
-
- Symptoms
-
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia is characterized by a sudden decrease in the number of
- red blood cells produced in the bone marrow. Persons with this disorder are
- deficient in the number of precursors of red blood cells (erythroblasts).
- Levels of the hormone erythropoietin that stimulates the bone marrow to
- produce red blood cells are usually elevated.
-
- Causes
-
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia is thought to be an autoimmune disorder possibly caused
- either by a tumor of the thymus gland, certain drugs or a viral infection.
- It is one of a group of bone marrow failure syndromes.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia is a rare disorder affecting males and females in equal
- numbers.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders are similar to those of Pure Red Cell
- Aplasia. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Aplastic Anemia is characterized by failure of the bone marrow to produce
- red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. Certain other anemias are
- due either to excessive red cell destruction or a limited production of red
- blood cells. Aplastic Anemia may occur for unknown reasons, or it may be the
- result of a toxic reaction to radiation, certain drugs or chemicals. In rare
- cases, the disorder may be caused by a tumor in the thymus gland. (For more
- information on this disorder, choose "Aplastic Anemia" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Blackfan-Diamond Anemia is a very rare genetic blood disorder which is
- present at birth. Blood cell abnormalities accompany an unusual physical
- appearance, paleness, weakness, and lethargy. (For more information on this
- disorder, choose "Blackfan" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database.)
-
- Fanconi's Anemia is a rare form of familial aplastic anemia. It is
- characterized by bone abnormalities, an abnormally small head (microcephaly),
- decreased functioning of the sex organs (hypogenitalism) and brown
- pigmentation of the skin. Complications may include infections such as
- pneumonia, meningitis, excessive bleeding (hemorrhages), and leukemia. Other
- malignancies may also occur. (For more information on this disorder, choose
- "Fanconi" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.)
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Pure Red Cell Aplasia usually goes into remission when certain drugs such as
- sulfonylureas (used for treating diabetes), gold for treatment of arthritis,
- penicillin, phenytoin and phenobarbitol used for treating epilepsy, or the
- anesthetic halothane which can cause this disorder are discontinued. In
- patients under 30 years of age, the disorder may initially be treated with
- the anti-inflammatory drug prednisone and anti-thymocyte globulin. The drugs
- cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, or 6-mercaptopurine which are toxic for
- certain cells, and which suppress the immune system (cytotoxic
- immunosuppressive), may be used for treating older patients with Pure Red
- Cell Aplasia. After the immunosuppressive therapy begins, patients in both
- age groups may require periodic blood transfusions until the drugs take
- effect. The drug treatment is discontinued when remission of the disorder is
- achieved.
-
- For patients who remain resistant to conventional immunosuppressive
- therapies, antihuman thymocyte gamma globulin may be used. This drug is
- produced by immunizing horses or rabbits with human thymus cells, and
- collecting the gamma globulin from their blood plasma.
-
- If a patient with Pure Red Cell Aplasia has a tumor of the thymus gland,
- surgical removal of this gland often causes remission of this disorder.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through August
- 1989. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep every
- entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate. Please
- check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most current
- information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Pure Red Cell Aplasia, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- NIH/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4236
-
- Aplastic Anemia Foundation of America
- P.O. Box 22689
- Baltimore, MD 21203
- (301) 955-2803
- 1-800-747-2820
-
- References
-
- PURE RED CELL APLASIA CHARACTERIZED BY ERYTHROPOIETIC MATURATION ARREST.
- RESPONSE TO ANTI-THYMOCYTE GLOBULIN: A.D. Jacobs, et al.; American Journal
- Med (March 1985: issue 78(3)). Pp. 515-517.
-
- NEW THERAPIES FOR APLASTIC ANEMIA: S.B. Krantz; American Journal Med
- Sciences (1986: issue 291). Pp. 371-379.
-
- DIPHENYLHYDANTOIN-INDUCED PURE RED CELL APLASIA: E.N. Dessypris, et al.;
- Blood (1985: issue 65). Pp. 789-794.
-
-